The foundation of business valuation is the ability to understand how a company cultivates ideas or concepts and deploys its invested capital, aiming to drive returns in excess of its cost of capital.

The concept of valuation of intellectual property and other intangible assets of a company is new as compared to age-old concepts of intellectual property (IPR) law. Lately, as technology is continuously evolving, it is driving changes in the global economy.

The complex corporate capital structures spreading across the globe which will be governed by several local laws of the respective countries and International investors eyeing for cross-border investment opportunities has led to an increased need of transparent and robust Valuation of resultant Complex Financial Instruments.

Businesses are constantly using plants and machinery. Therefore, a business needs to determine the price and establish a value to these fixed assets regularly. Plant and machinery valuation refer to finding the market value of all plant and machinery assets used in manufacturing and distributing goods and services by a business.

The subject of Insolvency proceedings is inherently technical and is subjected to constant refinement through new legislations, rules and regulations made by Governments or through court decisions. Our Professional Team is abreast of all the developments in this domain and provide specialist services to all its clients by adopting methods of value computation in accordance with IVS and ICAI-VS.

Investment in Infrastructure has always been a key driver and determinant to the growth of Nations. , Infrastructure is capital intensive and requires significant investments from the Government and Private Sector and also in the form of Public Private Partnerships (PPP). Infrastructure Assets comprises of roads & civil infrastructure, ports, railways, airports, power & energy etc.

Purchase price allocation (“PPA”) is an exercise undertaken by the acquirer to allocate the purchase price paid to the acquired assets and liabilities of the target company either in case of acquisition of an entity/business or assets under slum sale/slump exchange. PPA is required for accounting and financial reporting under IndAS 103 under which all business combinations requires (except group consolidation) to report the Fair Value of assets (tangible and intangible assets) and liabilities so acquired in the acquirer’s financial statements.

Financial reporting under IND AS 36, requires impairment assessment of cash generating units (‘CGU”) and Individual Assets. The assets are to be carried at not more than their recoverable amount. An asset is said to be carried more than its recoverable amount if it exceed the amount to be recovered through use (Value in Use) or sale (Fair Value less cost to disposal) of the asset. In such scenario, an asset is said to be impaired and the entity is required to assess the impairment loss.

An Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP)allows a company to awards/compensate its employees in form of stock options, basis their performance. Under stock option, employees have the right and not an obligation to buy the shares of the company, at a predetermined price, on a predetermined date. It acts as a tool for Employee retention, motivation and creating a sense of belongingness amongst employees.

Similar to mutual funds, AIF is a fund that pools in private investment from sophisticated investors such as High Networth Individuals, risk savvy investors or business visionaries. The investments are made into un-listed entities, promising start-ups, real estate assets, distressed assets, and so on. This is typically a ‘high risk high gain’ kind of a deal struck between the market participants

Valuation of New Age Companies often poses unique challenges due to their evolving business model(s), limited/lack of comparables, evolving technologies and market dynamics. The two most critical metrics, when valuing any Startup involved in B2C Segment, to be considered are:

A fairness opinion is a report that evaluates the facts of a merger, acquisition, carve out, spin-off, buyback or another type of purchase and provides an opinion as to whether the proposed stock price is fair to the selling or target company. Fairness opinion is either mandated under regulatory provisions or is undertaken as a good corporate governance practice.

A fairness opinion is a report that evaluates the facts of a merger, acquisition, carve out, spin-off, buyback or another type of purchase and provides an opinion as to whether the proposed stock price is fair to the selling or target company. Fairness opinion is either mandated under regulatory provisions or is undertaken as a good corporate governance practice.